Becoming Your Characters

Becoming Your Characters Becoming Your Characters Becoming Your Characters By Michael It sounds like you, said my friend, the playwright, when I asked him about the script I had given him. Coming from a successful writer, it wasnt a compliment. If all the characters in your novel sound like you, maybe you should forget about the novel and write an autobiographical monologue instead. Youll find, if you listen to them, that your characters want to be free. They want to be individuals. Just like your children, they dont want to be exactly like you. And, just like your children, they shouldnt be. Many fiction writers approach their work as an actor does his. When they are writing about a character, they become that character. Actors call it Method acting, based on the methods of Russian director Konstantin Stanislavsky. Method acting was a reaction to the nineteenth century tradition of making rhetorical gestures that were supposed to represent every human emotion. Writers can fall into a similar trap, where their characters act in clichà ©d manners, always weeping when they are sad, always chuckling when they are happy. (My characters are always smiling.) The key to Method writing is to understand the character, then let the character live. When you know, even subconsciously, what the character is like, you will instinctively know what the character is going to do or say. Some authors, like some actors, write out elaborate biographies for every major character before they begin. For others, such pre-planning would hurt their creative process. Indeed, as you write, even well-researched characters usually end up surprising you, as you realize that they arent exactly who you thought they were. This may sound more mystical than it needs to. Im not advocating a voodoo-like possession, where your characters take over your life. But a sensitive writer knows when an action or a statement rings true to that character or not. Of course, if youre not discreet as you work, people will look at you funny. One daughter of a famous nineteenth century novelist recalled how he would write his dialog out loud, playing each character in turn in fine theatrical style. After receiving that mild rebuke from my friend the playwright, I found myself working on dialog as I walked to work along a certain downtown street. I wasnt the only person on that street talking to himself. Later I discovered that just around the corner was a shelter that catered to the homeless mentally ill. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionTypes of Plots

10 high-paying trucking jobs hiring right now

10 high-paying trucking jobs hiring right now Do you yearn to spend your days on the open road with nothing but your thoughts and the roar of the engine? Then you must be a born trucker. However, deciding to become a pro trucker is just the first set in the decision-making process. Now you have to decide what kind of trucker to be. After all, you’ll want to make sure you land in the right spot in this surprisingly complex industry so that you can maximize your earning potential and your job satisfaction. Here’s a list of some of the highest-paying trucking jobs out there right now.1. Tanker HaulerTanker trucks are those big machines that haul liquid such as water or gasoline. You’ll need to get your CDL endorsed to do this particular job, which can be both difficult and dangerous since liquid cargo can be unstable. However, it is one of the highest paying trucking jobs- fuel tanker drivers earn as much as $70,000 per year. Consider the extra training and certification as an investment in your career.2. Hazma t DiverLike tanker hauling, hauling hazardous materials is another way to up your game. Get your CDL endorsed for this skill and you can widely increase the number of tanker hauls you’re eligible to do. Endorsing your CDL means you have access to a specialized (and lucrative) category of jobs. Hazmat drivers are also guaranteed a minimum of $1,000 a week after a year of experience according to RoadMaster.com.3. Oversized Load HaulerYou need a special license and special training to haul extra large loads such as heavy machinery, but, again, driving wide or oversized loads will mean you’ll be paid more. According to WideLoadShipping.com, oversized load truckers earn between $53,125 and $90,000 on average. You might even earn six figures if you’re willing to sacrifice some home time and work extra hard.4. Ice Road TruckerWhen it comes to trucking, no one earns more than ice road truckers. These are the brave souls who deliver their loads over pure ice. It’s an extremely dangerous career, but it is also extremely well paid- AOL Jobs reports that some ice road truckers earn up to $250,000 for just two months of icy-season work.5. Transport DriverHauling junked cars, specialty vehicles, or luxury cars will earn you more than the standard cargo. Transport drivers earn about $53,000 a year on average.6. Team DriverTeam drivers hook up with others to go twice as far, twice as fast. You won’t get a lot of breaks outside of the truck in this field, but you will make amazing time- and money. The average team truck driver makes $50,000 per year.7. OTR DriverSpecialize in long hauls from coast to coast and you’ll be sure to earn a good living. OTR, or â€Å"Over the Road,† drivers do daunting work and must be 21 or older to score gigs, but at a starting annual salary of $40-45,000 per year according to RoadMaster.com, the pay is great.8. InstructorNot every job in the trucking industry involves actual trucking. Instructors t each others how to do this specialized work while still being able to go home every night. They earn between $22,500 and $51,800 a year according to PayScale.com.9. RecruiterIf you’d rather just get paid to send other guys out on the road, you should consider becoming a recruiter. According to GlassDoor.com, the national average salary is a very enticing $50,000 a year for this comparatively low-effort career.10. Owner/OperatorWould you rather be your own boss? Well, owning a trucking company may sound like a great job, though there are numerous expenses to consider. Nevertheless, you’re still likely to end up earning a lot more than the drivers who actually have to lug their loads across the country. Indeed.com estimates that the average owner/operator makes an average annual salary of $141,000. That’s not bad for playing with trucks!

The case of Mabo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The case of Mabo - Essay Example The amendment aimed at establishing a strategy of making land grants based on the trust of Torres Strait islanders and the aboriginals of which the Murray Islanders did not agree with it. The plaintiffs had the representation of the Grey Mclntyre, Brian Keon-Cohen, and Ron Castan (Curthoys, Genovese and Reilly, 2008). At first, the case was brought in as a test aimed at determining the legal rights of the people of meriam to land in the Murray island and Waier and Dauar in Torres Strait. This was so because; such got heavy stimulation to the Queensland in 1879. Before the British contacted the Meriam people, they had lived in the land as subsistence economists who majored in fishing and cultivation. At those times, the land was not for the whole community or public, but rather, was for certain individuals. At some point in 1985, the government attempted at all means to discontinue the proceedings through the enactment of a declaratory act referred to the Queensland coast island. This declaration stated that on the land annexation in 1879, the island title was vested in the Queensland state, and as a result, free from claims, interests, and rights whatsoever. According to the Mabo versus Queensland number 1 of 1988, the high court stated that this was not in line with the legislations provided by 1975 racial discrimination act. As a result, the plaintiffs decided to come up with inter alia declarations ruling that the Meriam people had a right for the Land of Murray Island. This meant that they were the owners, possessors, occupiers, or people who have a right to enjoy the use of the land. According to the plaintiffs, they argued that they needed a possessory title because of the long period, which they possessed the land.

Identification Essay on American History Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Identification on American History - Essay Example It is fascinating to note that the colonist did not see their efforts as leading to their independence. Their drive was the belief that they were fighting for their natural rights. They believed too that they were resisting the corrupt and misguided government representatives and officials. They redoubled their efforts and activism with every new assertion of British authority, which raised the stake higher and higher. King George III condemnation of the rebellion and protests as unlawful and the rejection of the colonist’s appeals sharply dashed their faith. American nationalist and patriots eventually lost their faith in reason and righteousness of the monarchy and out rightly rejected it and went ahead to gain their independence. This beginning of a new society and authority replaced the old. Discussion The American Revolution was a political cataclysm in which thirteen North American colonies came together to oppose the British patriarchal rule during the last part of the 18ht century. This upheaval led to their break-free from the British Empire and saw the establishment of the United States of America. It began by the outright rejection of the Britain Parliament that governed them without representation from overseas. The British Patriarchalauthority suffered an even bigger upset when all its royal officials were expelled. Each of the thirteen colonies had effectively established Provincial Congress that would govern them by 1774. Although they were still under the British Patriarchy, the British sent combat troops to impose direct authority. The thirteen states ultimately determined that, through acts of totalitarianism, the British could no longer claim their allegiance legitimately1. They thus broke ties with the British Monarchy in July 1776 when the Congress issued the U.S Declaration of independence, rejecting in all totality the British Empire on behalf of a separate, sovereign new nation. The American Revolution was prompted by a series of political, social, and intellectual transformations in the American government and society. This is what was referred to as the American Enlightenment. It was the period between mid and late 18th century that saw Americans undergo intellectual transformations and thriving. Americans at this time, rejected the aristocratic developments in Europe, and instead, championed for republicanism development based on Enlightenment of liberalism. Ethnicity and racism were among the ideals that the Americans rejected during this period. The racism concept viewed from different perspectives. The idea of â€Å"the Great Chain of Being† which suggested that all creation was a kind of hierarchy within which there were different groups of human2. At the time, most Americans were Protestants who vastly believed in the creation theory which asserted that all humans were descendants of Eve and Adam. They therefore, did not agree with racism and instead tried to use other parts of the Bible to ex plain the various differences in racial appearances. This greatly opposed the idea of Great chain of being. Other significant results of the revolution included the formation of a legitimate government that was democratically elected and was responsible of the peoples will. The level of democracy appropriate in the new government prompted fierce debates with most of the

Macbeth Analysis Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Analysis Essay The extract before me is from Macbeth written by William Shakespeare in the year 1606. It is from Act 1 Sc 7. It takes place in a room at Macbeths castle at Inverness. The extract primarily deals with the ploys that Lady Macbeth uses to persuade her husband Macbeth to commit the crime of murdering King Duncan. Two important themes are bought out in this extract, one is about the creation of gender roles and stereotypes and the second one is about appearances often being deceptive. The extract begins with Macbeth telling Lady Macbeth We shall proceed no further in this business. This is obviously referring to something which has happened before in the scene. Macbeth has been contemplating the consequences of this murder. He conceives a very apocalyptic vision of how the angels of heaven are gonna be coming and spreading the news of this murder all across. The angels are gonna be pleading for Duncans virtues and the people are gonna be actually crying and there be like a flood of tears which will drown the Earth. So, he tells Lady Macbeth that he does not wish to do away with his golden reputation, he does not want to lose its gloss and therefore, he does not want to proceed with the bloody business as he calls it. Lady Macbeth is obviously very affected by this and she ends up trying to accuse Macbeth of being unmanly. She uses adjectives like pale, green. She compares him to the poor cat in the adage. She is trying to drive the wedge between him and his doing and his desire to achieve the throne and his lack of action. Now, Lady Macbeth says, what beast was it then that made you break this enterprise to me. This is a reference to Act 1, Sc 5 because in Act 1 Sc 5, Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth about the prophecies that the witches had made and how he is supposed to become the King of Scotland after becoming the Thane of Cawdor. Now, Lady Macbeth is just wedging upon those lines saying that when you dared to commit this to me, that is when you were a man and now if you are actually gonna commit the deed of murder, you are gonna commit the heinous crime of regicide, you will be even more the man. Lady Macbeth reasons out that the time and the place were not appropriate to kill Duncan at that time but now since he has come into our battlements, he is in our castle as our guest, we are supposed to kill him. Lady Macbeth is surprised that Macbeth is losing his resolve at this time. Lady Macbeth goes on to create a very grotesque image that shows that the milk of human kindness is actually not present in her. She says that she has suckled the baby at her breast and she knows how tender it is to love the babe that milks me and she says that if she had ever said that she had committed to anyone that I am going to be killing my child, she would have actually plucked his mouth out of her nipple and dashed his brains out against the wall. This is a very grotesque image produced by Lady Macbeth has produced. This makes it clear to us that Lady Macbeth has been dehumanised, defeminised in all ways. Thus, she has achieved her wish which she asked from the spirits. She is totally unwomanly and does not have any maternal instincts. She is actually a reminder of the character Medea from the play Medea written by Euripedes because Medea had self-decided to kill her own children. Now, we see that the scene has become progressively darker with Lady Macbeth creating images of death and Macbeth ends up contemplating the possible consequences if we should fail. We should see that there are several times when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth talk about each other as being one. They perpetually use we. Macbeth has never said that i am gonna fail at the murder. He says that we should fail. This shows that there is a sense of togetherness and they are partners not only in greatness but also in crime. So, Lady Macbeth immediately retaliates but then at this time there is a shift in tone. It becomes much more pragmatic because she divulges the plan of the murder to Macbeth. There is a metaphor used over here, its about stringed instruments, now just as you take the string and you create the appropriate tension by tying it to the right peg. Similarly, Lady Macbeth expects that Macbeth decides to be headstrong and resolute and decides to screw his courage to the sticking place. If he does so, they will certainly not fail. She goes on to discuss the plan of murder with Macbeth. She says that when Duncan will be asleep and in all probability, he is likely to sleep due to his long journey. The two sentinels outside his room are gonna be intoxicated by Lady Macbeth using wine, drugs. She will make sure that they are so drunk that they will lose thier memory which has been described as the warder of the brain. The receipt of reason will not be there. Reason will actually be distilled out of their brains. They will not be able to understand anything. They will actually behave like swine and sleeping in that manner. Lady Macbeth sees it as golden opportunity to perform the murder. She once again, as I said, talks about them being one. She says what cannot you and I perform upon the unguarded Duncan? when in fact the murder is going to be committed by Macbeth alone. Lady Macbeth is obviously very important partner in his crime. Now, Lady Macbeth further tells him that they are gonna be taking the daggers and staining the officers with the blood. She expects the officers to bear the guilt of our great quell. Now, the use of the word guilt over here is very important and it is also very ironic because it is not like they do not do away with thier guilt ever. In fact, they leave in torment of the very murder. Lady Macbeth in Act 5, Sc 1 in the sleep-walking soliloquy is a woman who has completely lost her senses. She is leaving under intense emotional pressure and she is the one who is not able to sleep anymore. So, it shows that they are actually guilty of the crime. Macbeth himself in Act 2 Sc 2 does not wish to even go back to the scene of the crime again. So, it shows that even though they are gonna be staining the sentinels with blood. In fact, both of them are gonna be living in horror of the deed. Now, Macbeth seems to be quite convinced and he asks Lady Macbeth to bring forward male children only because the undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males. Now, this is very significant because it is about the creation of the gender stereotypes. In the Shakespearean area, it was expected of men to be embodiment of valour, courage and ruthlessness to some extent and woman on the other hand were expected to be more submissive and incapable of coming up with wicked plans. However Lady Macbeth is an exception to this rule because she comes across as one who is so resolute and cold, so devoid of pity that this is something which should be there only in men. Macbeth once again questions his wife and asks her that if they are gonna marking the two sleepy sentinels with blood, would it not see that they have done it. Lady Macbeth says that while they will be hysterically crying and lamenting the death of Duncan, suspicion will never fall upon them. Macbeth finally capitulates to all its wifes persuasions and he seems to have bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. This is a very important line in the building up of the tragic hero because Macbeth is gonna be himself responsible for his fate. He has decided to put his heart and soul into committing so heinous a crime and he is indeed gonna be bearing indeed the consequences of it as we see later in the play. The scene ends with a couplete that rhymes which is typical of Shakespeare. It says that Away, and mock the time with fairest show: false face must hide what the false heart doth know. So, it recounts the theme that appearances are often deceptive. This theme has been running throughout the play. It all began with King Duncan in Act 1 Sc 2 when he wished that he would be able to recognise people by simply looking at their faces. It is also present in Act 1 Sc 5 when Lady Macbeth asks her husband to look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under it. This time Macbeth is the one who is actually telling his wife that she is suppose to be having composure, she is suppose to conceal her ulterior motives and her false face must hide the real intentions that she has. In conclusion, i can say that there is a big contrast between the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is the one who is contemplating the fear of failure. He says that we should fail, what would happen. He is no doubt ambitious but at the same time he also comes across as a rational being.

Berlin Blockade :: essays papers

Berlin Blockade After World War II, when Germany was defeated, it was divided into four zones, one for each of the Allies. The eastern part went to the Russians. The other Allied Powers, France, Britain and the U.S. divided the Western portion of the city among themselves. This arrangement reflected the Allied solution for the whole of Germany. Berlin was an island with special status governed by four nations in the sea of the Soviet Zone of Occupation. In 1947, the Western portion of Germany instituted a government under the watchful eyes of the Western Allies. The Soviet sector followed suit in 1949. During this period, the elaborate governance structure of greater Berlin broke under the strain of Cold War tensions. What emerged was West Berlin, which took up ties with West Germany, known as the Federal Republic of Germany. East Berlin, which comprised the ruins of the old and historic center of Berlin and outlying districts to the East, became the capital of the German Democratic Republic. After World War II, the Americans pumped capital into West Germany through the Marshall Plan, which resulted in one of the world's strongest economies, enormous prosperity and a stable democracy. Germany has been divided ever since and though at every opportunity, lip service was paid by all western nations to its eventual reunification, no one took the matter seriously. Still bound by very complex regulations, West Berlin began to rebuild in earnest. It was given special treatment by West Germany and by the Allies. Its survival became a symbol of Western commitment against Soviet style communism. Money was pumped in, industries revived, a new University created, since Communist professors and principles dominated the Humboldt University in East Berlin. But the East German Government, certain that West Berlin would eventually fall to them, was richly inventive in tactics of intimidation. Highways were blocked for hours or days at a time, as were canal and rail corridors. Finally, they blockaded the city totally. The Americans - specifically, General Lucius Clay, - invented the Air Lift. For over a year, one B-29 after another flew into Tempelhof Airport and supplied the city until the blockade was lifted. Americans were heroes to West Berliners during in the late 'forties and well beyond. Berlin cleaned up the war mess, grew and prospered, not quite as dynamically as West Germany, but not too far behind.

Pakistan Wetland Program

THE PAKISTAN WETLANDS PROGRAMME The Ministry of Environment's Pakistan Wetlands Programme DurationJuly 2005- June 2012 StatusOngoing BudgetUSD 3. 6 million Project deliveryUSD 2. 7 million Project delivery (2010) USD 0. 51 million LocationCountrywide Donor Contribution Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE): USD 4,034,000 Global Environment Facility (GEF): USD 2,253, 000 Federal Government: Ministry of Environment Other: World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF-P) Background:The Pakistan Wetlands Programme (PWP) aims to promote the sustainable conservation of freshwater and marine wetlands and their associated globally important biodiversity in Pakistan. The programme strategy is based on two sub-sets of objectives. The first will provide the required policy, institutional, technical and financial framework and generate positive public support essential for the mainstreaming of wetlands conservation. The second involves the design and implementation of Sustainable, participatory management plans for four independent Demonstration Sites, each chosen to be representative of a broad eco-region in Pakistan.It includes specific mechanisms to secure financial sustainability and enhanced replication and proliferation of viable wetlands management interventions in a nation-wide, on-going wetlands conservation initiative. Despite the generally arid nature of Pakistan's climate, the region supports an estimated 780,000 ha of wetlands that cover 9. 7% of the total surface area of the country. In excess of 225 significant wetlands sites are on record in the prototype Pakistan Wetlands GIS Database developed during the PDF (B) Phase of this Project.Nineteen of these have been internationally recognised by the Ramsar Convention Bureau as being of global importance. The diverse assortment of natural freshwater and marine wetlands that occur within Pakistan support unique combinations of biodiversity. The same resource, however, also sustains an estimated 144 million permanent human resid ents and 3-4 million displaced persons from adjacent countries. The wetlands of the region are, therefore, generally degrading under a broad spectrum of anthropogenic threats that are mainly rooted in poverty but exacerbated by lack of knowledge and mismanagement.Global Significance Pakistan's permanent and ephemeral wetlands are globally significant in two ways; i) In terms of the intrinsic value of their indigenous biodiversity, ii) As an acute example of the poverty/subsistence-use nexus that constitutes one of the most fundamental threats to biodiversity worldwide. The high global significance of Pakistan's wetlands is attributable to the diversity of species that they support. In all, eighteen threatened species of wetlands dependent mammals are found in the country including the endemic Punjab Urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) and Indus River Dolphin (Plantanista minor).Further, twenty threatened bird species are supported by Pakistan's wetlands in addition to twelve reptiles a nd two endemic species of amphibians. Pakistan's wetlands also support between 191-198 indigenous freshwater fish species, including fifteen endemics and a total of 788 marine and estuarine fish species. The high altitude wetlands, characterised by sites such as Karumbar Lake, situated at an elevation of 4, 150m, and Saucher Lake, at 4,250m on the Deosai Plains, represent a relatively unique category of alpine wetlands that is confined to the Himalaya, Hindukush and Karakoram mountain cordilleras.Objectives To promote the sustainable conservation of freshwater and marine wetlands and their associated globally important biodiversity in Pakistan. Key Achievements i)Implementation on the recommendations of the previous Mid-Term Review underway. ii)Draft Exit Strategy for Pakistan Wetlands Program prepared. iii)Institutional setup established under the program with management of Pakistan’s wetlands after completion of the project in 2012. iv)Field assessments completed and GIS mo dels at the federal and provincial levels operational.GIS database being used as a decision making tool for the management of selected wetlands in four sites. v)Overall information of 225 wetlands of Pakistan available in GIS database. vi)National Wetlands Policy approved. vii)Planned trainings completed. 3000 participants from communities, Govt. institutions and academia benefited from these trainings. The project and government personnel have benefited from study abroad component of this programme. iii)A number of customized materials such as a brochure on Uchhali Complex, awareness raising posters in Urdu and English for World Wetlands Day; tree plantation and hunting ethics flyers and promos; documentaries on Water Fowl In Pakistan; Broghil and on Balochistan Coast were produced and disseminated nation-wide. This has led to recognition of three additional wetlands sites under the Global Convention on Wetlands. ix)The implementation of conservation plans at the four wetlands site s in process in collaboration with local village communities. Main Donors The main donors are Royal Netherland Embassy (RNE),UNDP Pakistan, Global Environment Facility (GEF), Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF), EU and WWF International . Aims The programme aims at the creation of an enabling environment at the national level through capacity-building and training, awareness raising, communication and environmental assessments; developing replicable models in the four wetlands eco-regions of the country including the Makran Coastal Wetlands Complex (MCWC), Central Indus Wetlands Complex (CIWC), Salt Range Wetlands Complex (SRWC) and Northern Alpine Wetlands Complex (NAWC). Coverage areaDespite the generally arid nature of Pakistan's climate, the region supports an estimated 780,000 ha of wetlands that cover 9. 7% of the total surface area of the country. In excess of 225 significant wetlands sites are on record in the prototype Pakistan Wetlands GIS Database developed during th e PDF (B) Phase of this Project. Nineteen of these have been internationally recognized by the Ramsar Convention Bureau as being of global importance. The diverse assortment of natural freshwater and marine wetlands that occur within Pakistan support unique combinations of biodiversity.

A Moral Evaluation of Child Labor in the Philippines

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wireless security essays

wireless security essays This paper represents the security issues related to the use of wireless (vs wired) LAN technology and recommends a number of key implementation guidelines to ensure the secure deployment of wireless LAN services in the company. As the primary differences between a wired LAN and a wireless LAN are at the Physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layers, we have therefore limited the scope of this paper to addressing those security concerns related to the use of the wireless medium. The scope of this paper is also restricted to the IEEE 802.11b standard despite there being other similar but less widely adopted competing standards including HIPERLAN (Europe) and OpenAir 2.4 (US). In 1997, the first internationally sanctioned wireless LAN standard, 802.11 was approved by IEEE. This standard proposed three type of implementation for the physical layer (OSI layers) which is: Infrared (IR) pulse position modulation Radio frequency (RF) signalling in the 2.4 GHz band using frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) Radio frequency (RF) signalling in the 2.4 GHz band using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) The IR method was not commercially implemented while the RF method suffers from low transmission speeds (2 Mbps). Further developments were made on the original 2.4 GHz band, using more sophisticated spectrum technologies. The 802.11b standard was established in 1999, which was able to deliver raw data rates up to 11 Mbps, was widely adopted in the commercial market. A wireless LAN extends the limited reach of traditional wired networks inside a building or office by enabling network communication to occur over the air as shown in Figure 1. In the office environment, a wireless network offers end-users the benefits of increased mobility and increased productivity, because it enables mobile users to access information and network resources as they attend meetings, collaborate with other users, or move ...

Adverbial Definition and Examples

Adverbial Definition and Examples In English grammar, an adverbial is an individual word (that is, an adverb), a phrase (an adverbial phrase), or a clause (an adverbial clause) that can modify a verb, an adjective, or a complete sentence. Like almost any adverb, an adverbial can appear in many different positions in a sentence. Examples and Observations My sister usually visits on Sundays.When she isnt working, my sister visits on Sundays.My sister visits on Sundays when she isnt working. The Difference Between Adverbs and Adverbials Adverbs and adverbials are similar but not the same. Though they share the same modifying function, their characters are different. An adverbial is a sentence element or functional category. It is a part of a sentence that performs a certain function. An adverb, on the other hand, is a type of word or part of speech. We can say that an adverb may serve as an adverbial, but an adverbial is not necessarily an adverb. (M. Strumpf and A. Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl, 2004)I want to [draw] a distinction between two terms: adverb and adverbial. The former term is a label for a syntactic category, covering familiar single-word items such as quickly, happily, and spontaneously. The latter term refers to a function. Linguistic elements that have this function include adverbs plus other linguistic elements such as phrases (on the table, at the bookstore, next week, last year, etc.) and clauses (e.g., after he saw the movie). (Martin J. Endley, Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar. Inf ormation Age, 2010) Types of Adverbials [The class of adverbial] includes manner and degree adverbs (e.g. happily, clumsily, quickly, very), temporal adverbials (e.g. now, when, today), spatial adverbials (here, north, up, across), attitudinal adverbials (certainly, hopefully), modal adverbials (not, no, probably, etc.), expectation adverbials (only, even, again), and textual adverbials (firstly, finally). (W. McGregor, Semiotic Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1997)In most cases when we talk about adverbial classes as classes exhibiting syntactic characteristics, the classes get a label that suggests a semantic basis of the classification. Picking randomly from different classifications and ordering them roughly from syntactically higher to lower adverbials, there are speaker-oriented speech act adverbials (frankly) and speaker-oriented evaluative ones (fortunately), evidential adverbials (evidently), epistemic adverbials (probably), domain adverbials (linguistically), subject-oriented or agent-oriented adverbials (delib erately), temporal adverbials (now), locative adverbials (here), quantificational adverbials (frequently), manner adverbials (slowly), degree adverbs (very), etc. (Jennifer R. Austin, Stefan Engelberg, and Gisa Rauh, Current Issues in the Syntax and Semantics of Adverbials. Adverbials: The Interplay Between Meaning, Context, and Syntactic Structure, ed. by J.R. Austin et al. John Benjamins, 2004) Placement of Adverbials In reality, adverbials are very free in their placement, appearing in different positions in the sentence, not just sentence final: sentence initial- [Yesterday], I ran a marathon.sentence final- I ran a marathon [yesterday].preverbal- I [always] run well in the heat.postverbal- I handed the baton [quickly] to the next runner.within the verb group- I have [never] won a race. The various types of adverbials behave differently, however; while all can occur sentence finally, time adverbials are acceptable sentence initially and sometimes preverbally, place adverbials are clumsy sentence initially, and manner adverbials frequently occur preverbally but are less good sentence initially. One position which is impossible for adverbials is between the verb and the direct object. (Laurel J. Brinton,  The Structure of Modern English. John Benjamins, 2000)

The Vision Renewal Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Vision Renewal Process - Essay Example I worries about my future and career opportunities in this company. Taking into account human differences, I understand that the males use paternalism to keep the only woman in "her place". I suppose that negative stereotypes of women cause the men to question female workers' commitment to work. And men are more likely than women to be perceived as "serious" about their careers (Thiederman 49). The alleged benefits of bias are that it provides me with an excuse of poor sales and inability to become a part of the group. It relieves feelings of guilt and pain caused by (probably) lack of experience in this sphere. Women can be less competent than men in the workplace. When women point out this dilemma, a typical male reaction is that women want it both ways, to be seen as different from men yet to be treated the same as men (Thiederman 64, 70). I am a good manager who possesses professional knowledge and skills in this sphere. In contrast to the male employees, I have good working experience and have proved that I can sustain good sales and communicate with a team. In general, bias does not compromise my success of sales efforts but lack of communication and interaction with employees (the team) limits my opportunities and access to non-official information. The bias does not put organization at risk of litigation (Thiederman 79, 81). Step 4. Dissect Your Biases I suppose that the problems and misunderstanding between male employees and me are caused by sexism and stereotypes. Usually, the male employees assign life roles according to gender. This system fosters sex-related roles that usually relegate men to positions of authority. Although sometimes used only in reference to prejudice against females, sexism means any stereotyping resulting in arbitrary discrimination against females. In a time, I realized that my belief grew out of only sexiest jokes towards other women (not working with the company) and launch time spent together. I understood that these men had worked together for a long time and most of them were friends (Thiederman 88). Step 5. Identify Common Kingship groups When I thought about kingship groups, I was surprised when found that many employees liked theater and dance. Three of them were armature dancers and theater goers. Also, I found that three of other men had poor sales also caused by market instability and lack of information about customer groups. Also, we had similar view on ethical and corporate goals, weaknesses and opportunities proposed by the current market situation (Thiederman 110, 112). Step 6. Shove your Biases Aside After communication with these men, I knew that they believed that women bring a different viewpoint to work, a special way of leading, a different slant on how products and markets should be developed. They also recognized that women are in the workplace to stay, that they want careers similar to the men. Many men realize that utilizing women more fully is related to their survival. Rather, they are concerned about being able to compete economically. This shift to thinking about the utilization of women